AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Unit 10 Topic 2: Charge distribution: Friction, conduction, and induction

Charge distribution: Friction, conduction, and induction belongs to Unit 10: Electric Force, Field, and Potential. Objects become charged or polarized through transfer and redistribution of charge. Start by identifying the system, the field or interaction involved, and which conservation law or model applies.

Key relationships: Charging by friction transfers electrons between materials through contact and separation. Charging by conduction transfers charge through direct contact with a charged object. Charging by induction redistributes charge and can leave an object charged without direct charge transfer from the source.

Model to use: Use before-and-after charge diagrams showing electrons moving or redistributing in conductors and insulators. A clear AP Physics 2 model should label directions, signs, units, and the physical meaning of each variable.

AP-style move: Distinguish transfer of charge from polarization, because polarization separates charge within an object without changing its net charge. For free-response work, show the governing principle first, then connect the mathematical result back to the physical situation.